comparative study of the lamination process on cardboard in litho-offset printing

Duplex Paper Board؛ Laminations؛ Cold lamination؛ Hot laminationThis research aims to examine the lamination process (sulfonation) as an essential stage in completing the quality of printed products. A thin transparent polymer film is applied to t؛ scratches؛ and wear؛ in addition to enhancing the visual appearance؛ durability؛ and overall value؛ which adds market competitiveness to the final product. The research problem arose from observing defects that may occur during lamination؛ leading to higher waste rates and increased machine downtime؛ which negatively impacts operational efficiency and overall costs. Therefore؛ the study hypothesized that controlling lamination parameters and anticipating potential errors would help reduce waste and improve product quality. The findings revealed that cold lamination consumes less energy than hot lamination؛ making it more environmentally and economically viable and safer for workers’ health. Moreover؛ cold lamination preserves the physical properties of heat-sensitive printed materials and reduces the risk of damage. Conversely؛ the results showed that hot lamination provides higher bonding strength and greater ink gloss؛ thus enhancing the final product’s durability and appearance. Accordingly؛ the research recommends selecting the lamination method based on the nature of the substrate and economic and environmental considerations while emphasizing the need to monitor and address operational issues promptly to ensure consistent production q