معايير ارجونومية لتصميم وتقييم الإضاءة المنزلية

نوع المستند : Original Article

المؤلف

كلية الفنون التطبيقية جامعة حلوان

المستخلص

مشكلة البحث: يعتمد تصميم الإضاءة على مصادر الضوء الطبيعية والاصطناعية لتوفير الراحة البصرية في المساحات المريحة. ومع ذلك، فإن هناك معارف محدودة بتصميم الإضاءة المريحة في المساحات الداخلية فى المنزل. يمكن أن تؤدي أساليب تصميم الإضاءة المتعددة والمتجانسة إلى خلق بيئات غير مريحة وغير شاملة. لذا فإنه هناك حاجة إلى منهج تصميم إضاءة شامل ومتناغم مع معايير تصميم محددة. أهداف البحث: يهدف هذا البحث إلى تزويد المصممين وغير المتخصصين بالوعي التصميمي والقدرة على التقييم والحكم على تصميم وظروف الإضاءة. ان الهدف النهائي هو تطوير إرشادات لمعايير بيئة العمل لاقتراح وتصميم وتقييم ظروف الإضاءة في فراغات المنزل المتعددة. كما يستهدف إنشاء معيار تقييم ارجونوميكى للإضاءة المنزلية بناءً على الوظائف التى تمارس فى الأنشطة المنزلية. والتحقق من صحة المعيار المعمول به من خلال تحليل حالة الوحدات السكنية، مع مراعاة مستويات الراحة البصرية وإمكانية الوصول. أهمية البحث: تقدم الدراسة تعريفات واضحة ومتغيرات قابلة للقياس واستراتيجيات للتعامل مع تصميم وحدات وتركيبات الإضاءة، مما يسمح بتعديل المصابيح والضوابط بناءً على الظروف الحالية. لذا  يجب تصميم استراتيجيات لتحليل تصميمات الإضاءة وتحديد الخلل الوظيفي. كما توجه الدراسة النظر أيضًا إلى الانتقال التدريجي من تصميم الإضاءة الذى يتضمن عيوب فى الأداء إلى التقييمات الخالية من العيوب، مع مراعاة التأثير المنظموى لاستراتيجيات تغيير الضوء، وتجنب التنفيذ الأعمى أو البديهي. الطريقة: وضعت هذه الدراسة معايير محكومة وتقييم جودة الإضاءة في غرف العائلة وغرف النوم والمطابخ واجهزة الكمبيوتر في البيئات المنزلية من خلال نهج استقرائي. وباستخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، حددت الدراسة أنظمة الإضاءة واختيارات التركيبات ومصادر الضوء وأتمتة التعتيم ونسب الإضاءة المحيطة/المهام ومستويات الإضاءة وأنماط توزيع المصابيح والتركيبات الموجودة في مناطق النشاط المنزلي التي لا تفي بمعايير التصميم المطورة. النتائج: تناولت الدراسة تصميم الإضاءة السكنية الداخلية والخارجية، مع التركيز على توزيع الضوء الاصطناعي والمصابيح والمصابيح والإضاءة السطحية والسقفية وتأثيرها البصري. كما استكشفت كيف تؤثر الأنشطة على تصميم الإضاءة وقيمت أساليب الراحة البصرية. وطورت الدراسة معايير تقييم ارجونومية الإضاءة المنزلية، بما في ذلك الصيغ الأساسية والقيم العددية، لتحليل إمكانية الوصول إلى الإضاءة المنزلية. وأثبتت الدراسة صحة المعيار المقترح من خلال دراسات الحالة للوحدات السكنية، مع مراعاة التحليل البصري والنظري، ونوع النشاط المنزلي المتأثر.

الكلمات الرئيسية


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