1- Amira Helmy Matar, 1989 AD, “Introduction to Aesthetics and the Philosophy of Art,” Dar Gharib, 3rd edition, Cairo.
2- Ramses Younan, 2012, “Studies in Art”, Egyptian General Book Authority, Family Library.
3- Zaki Naguib Mahmoud, “The East - The Artist,” Egyptian General Book Authority, Family Library, Cairo.
4- Shaker Abdel Hamid 200, “Aesthetic Preference,” World of Knowledge Series, National Council for Culture and Arts. And Literature, Kuwait, No. 267.
5- Mustafa Al-Razzaz, 1997 AD, “Introduction to the Book of Artistic Movements Since 1945,” Edward Smith, Supreme Council For Culture, Cairo.
6- http://www.uobabylon.edu.iq/uobColeges/lecture.aspx?fid=13&lcid=38637
7- http://mawdoo3.com
8- https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/
9- http://www.marafea.org/sitepicture/2000000001072006.jpg
10- http://www.art.gov.sa/imgcache31/18191.imgcache
11- https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/
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